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Is The Dewey Decimal System Still Used

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Library classification system

"Dewey Decimal" redirects here. Not to be confused with Duodecimal.

The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), colloquially known every bit the Dewey Decimal System, is a proprietary library nomenclature system which allows new books to be added to a library in their appropriate location based on subject.[Note 1] It was beginning published in the United States past Melvil Dewey in 1876.[1] Originally described in a 44-folio pamphlet, it has been expanded to multiple volumes and revised through 23 major editions, the latest printed in 2011. Information technology is likewise available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries. OCLC, a non-profit cooperative that serves libraries, currently maintains the system and licenses online access to WebDewey, a continuously updated version for catalogers.

The decimal number classification introduced the concepts of relative location and relative index. Libraries previously had given books permanent shelf locations that were related to the club of conquering rather than topic. The classification's note makes use of iii-digit numbers for main classes, with partial decimals assuasive expansion for further detail. Numbers are flexible to the degree that they tin be expanded in linear fashion to embrace special aspects of general subjects.[2] A library assigns a nomenclature number that unambiguously locates a item volume in a position relative to other books in the library, on the basis of its subject. The number makes information technology possible to find any volume and to return it to its proper place on the library shelves.[Notation 2] The classification organisation is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries.[3] [iv]

History [edit]

Melvil Dewey, the inventor of the Dewey Decimal classification

1873–1885: early development [edit]

Melvil Dewey (1851–1931) was an American librarian and cocky-alleged reformer.[v] He was a founding member of the American Library Clan and can exist credited with the promotion of card systems in libraries and business.[half dozen] He developed the ideas for his library classification system in 1873 while working at the Amherst College library. He applied the nomenclature to the books in that library, until in 1876 he had a commencement version of the nomenclature. In 1876, he published the classification in pamphlet form with the title A Classification and Discipline Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library. [seven] He used the pamphlet, published in more than one version during the year, to solicit comments from other librarians. It is not known who received copies or how many commented as only one copy with comments has survived, that of Ernest Cushing Richardson.[viii] His classification system was mentioned in an article in the first consequence of the Library Journal and in an article past Dewey in the Section of Instruction publication Public Libraries in America in 1876.[9] In March 1876, he applied for, and received, copyright on the start edition of the alphabetize.[10] The edition was 44 pages in length, with two,000 index entries, and was printed in 200 copies.[eleven]

1885–1942: period of adoption [edit]

1885 - Dewey Decimal Classification

The second edition of the Dewey Decimal organization, published in 1885 with the title Decimal Classification and Relativ Alphabetize for arranging, cataloging, and indexing public and private libraries and for pamflets, clippings, notes, scrap books, index rerums, etc.,[Note iii] comprised 314 pages, with 10,000 index entries. Five hundred copies were produced.[xi] Editions 3–14, published between 1888 and 1942, used a variant of this same championship.[12] Dewey modified and expanded his system considerably for the 2d edition. In an introduction to that edition Dewey states that "virtually 100 persons hav [spelling of 'have' per English-language spelling reform, which Dewey championed] contributed criticisms and suggestions".[13]

I of the innovations of the Dewey Decimal system was that of positioning books on the shelves in relation to other books on similar topics. When the organization was get-go introduced, most libraries in the US used stock-still positioning: each book was assigned a permanent shelf position based on the book's pinnacle and engagement of conquering.[14] Library stacks were generally airtight to all merely the well-nigh privileged patrons, so shelf browsing was not considered of importance. The utilise of the Dewey Decimal system increased during the early 20th century equally librarians were convinced of the advantages of relative positioning and of open shelf admission for patrons.[14]

New editions were readied as supplies of previously published editions were exhausted, even though some editions provided picayune modify from the previous, as they were primarily needed to fulfill demand.[15] In the next decade, three editions followed closely on: the 3rd (1888), 4th (1891), and 5th (1894). Editions 6 through 11 were published from 1899 to 1922. The 6th edition was published in a tape vii,600 copies, although subsequent editions were much lower. During this fourth dimension, the size of the volume grew, and edition 12 swelled to 1,243 pages, an increment of 25% over the previous edition.[sixteen]

In response to the needs of smaller libraries which were finding the expanded classification schedules difficult to use, in 1894, the first abridged edition of the Dewey Decimal system was produced.[14] The abridged edition generally parallels the total edition, and has been developed for well-nigh full editions since that date. Past popular request, in 1930, the Library of Congress began to impress Dewey Classification numbers on near all of its cards, thus making the system immediately available to all libraries making use of the Library of Congress card sets.[17]

Dewey's was not the but library nomenclature available, although it was the almost complete. Charles Ammi Cutter published the Expansive Classification in 1882, with initial encouragement from Melvil Dewey. Cutter'south system was not adopted by many libraries, with ane major exception: it was used as the basis for the Library of Congress Classification system.[xviii]

In 1895, the International Institute of Bibliography, located in Belgium and led by Paul Otlet, contacted Dewey about the possibility of translating the classification into French, and using the classification organization for bibliographies (as opposed to its use for books in libraries). This would have required some changes to the classification, which was under copyright. Dewey gave permission for the creation of a version intended for bibliographies, and also for its translation into French. Dewey did not hold, nonetheless, to allow the International Found of Bibliography to later create an English version of the resulting classification, because that a violation of their agreement, likewise as a violation of Dewey's copyright. Shortly afterward Dewey'south decease in 1931, however, an agreement was reached betwixt the committee overseeing the development of the Decimal Classification and the developers of the French Classification Decimal. The English version was published every bit the Universal Decimal Classification and is even so in use today.[19]

According to a study done in 1927, the Dewey arrangement was used in the US in approximately 96% of responding public libraries and 89% of the college libraries.[xx] After the death of Melvil Dewey in 1931, administration of the classification was under the Decimal Nomenclature Commission of the Lake Placid Club Education Foundation, and the editorial torso was the Decimal Nomenclature Editorial Policy Committee with participation of the American Library Association (ALA), Library of Congress, and Wood Press.[17] By the 14th edition in 1942, the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature index was over 1,900 pages in length and was published in 2 volumes.[21]

1942–present: forging an identity [edit]

Children being taught the top-level categories of the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature system at a library in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in the 1960s

The growth of the classification to date had led to significant criticism from medium and large libraries which were too big to employ the abridged edition but found the total nomenclature overwhelming. Dewey had intended issuing the classification in three editions: the library edition, which would be the fullest edition; the bibliographic edition, in English and French, which was to be used for the organization of bibliographies rather than of books on the shelf; and the abridged edition.[22] In 1933, the bibliographic edition became the Universal Decimal Classification, which left the library and abridged versions every bit the formal Dewey Decimal Nomenclature editions. The 15th edition, edited by Milton Ferguson, implemented the growing concept of the "standard edition", designed for the bulk of full general libraries simply not attempting to satisfy the needs of the very largest or of special libraries.[23] Information technology also reduced the size of the Dewey organization by over one-half, from 1,900 to 700 pages. This revision was so radical that an advisory commission was formed correct away for the 16th and 17th editions.[24] The 16th and 17th editions, under the editorship of the Library of Congress, grew again to two volumes. Nonetheless, past now, the Dewey Decimal system had established itself as a classification for full general libraries, with the Library of Congress Classification having gained acceptance for large research libraries.[25]

The starting time electronic version of "Dewey" was created in 1993.[26] Hard-copy editions continue to be issued at intervals; the online WebDewey and Abridged WebDewey are updated quarterly.[27]

Administration and publication [edit]

Dewey and a modest editorial staff managed the administration of the very early editions. Commencement in 1922, the Lake Placid Guild Educational Foundation, a not-for-turn a profit organization founded by Melvil Dewey, managed authoritative affairs. The ALA fix a Special Advisory Committee on the Decimal Classification as part of the Cataloging and Classification partition of ALA in 1952. The previous Decimal Classification Committee was changed to the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee, with participation of the ALA Partitioning of Cataloging and Classification, and of the Library of Congress.[28] [ need quotation to verify ]

Melvil Dewey edited the beginning 3 editions of the classification arrangement and oversaw the revisions of all editions until his expiry in 1931. May Seymour became editor in 1891 and served until her expiry in 1921. She was followed by Dorcas Fellows, who was editor until her death in 1938. Constantin J. Mazney edited the 14th edition. Milton Ferguson functioned every bit editor from 1949 to 1951. The 16th edition in 1958 was edited under an agreement between the Library of Congress and Forest Press, with David Haykin as director.[17] Editions xvi–19 were edited past Benjamin A. Custer and the editor of edition 20 was John P. Comaromi. Joan Mitchell was editor until 2013, roofing editions 21 to 23.[29] In 2013 Michael Panzer of OCLC became Editor-in-Chief.[30] The Dewey Editorial Programme Manager since 2016 has been Dr. Rebecca Green.[31]

Dewey himself held copyright in editions 1 to half-dozen (1876–1919). Copyright in editions seven–x was held by the publisher, The Library Bureau.[32] On the death of May Seymour, Dewey conveyed the "copyrights and control of all editions" to the Lake Placid Club Educational Foundation, a non-profit chartered in 1922.[33] The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) of Dublin, Ohio, US, acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification arrangement when it bought Forest Press in 1988. In 2003 the Dewey Decimal Classification came to the attention of the U.S. press when OCLC sued the Library Hotel for trademark infringement for using the classification system as the hotel theme.[34] The instance was settled before long thereafter.[35]

The OCLC has maintained the classification since 1988, and also publishes new editions of the system. The editorial staff responsible for updates is based partly at the Library of Congress and partly at OCLC. Their piece of work is reviewed by the Decimal Nomenclature Editorial Policy Committee, a x-member international board which meets twice each year. The four-volume entire edition was published approximately every vi years, with the last edition (DDC 23) published in mid-2011.[36] In 2017 the editorial staff announced that the English edition of DDC will no longer be printed, in favor of using the frequently updated WebDewey.[37] An experimental version of Dewey in RDF was previously available at dewey.info start in 2009,[38] but has not been available since 2015.[39]

In addition to the total version, a single-volume abridged edition designed for libraries with 20,000 titles or fewer has been made available since 1895. The final printed English abridged edition, Abridged Edition xv, was published in early 2012.[twoscore]

Full edition Publication twelvemonth Abridged edition Publication year
1st 1876
2nd 1885
third 1888
4th 1891
5th 1894 1st 1895
6th 1899
7th 1911
8th 1913 2nd 1915
9th 1915
tenth 1919
11th 1922 third 1926
12th 1927 fourth 1929
13th 1932 5th 1936
14th 1942 6th 1945
15th 1951 seventh 1953
16th 1958 eighth 1959
17th 1965 9th 1965
18th 1971 10th 1971
19th 1979 11th 1979
20th 1989 12th 1990
21st 1996 13th 1997
22nd 2003 14th 2004
23rd 2011 15th 2012

Pattern [edit]

The Dewey Decimal Classification organizes library materials by discipline or discipline. Master divisions include philosophy, social sciences, science, engineering, and history. The scheme comprises ten classes, each divided into ten divisions, each having x sections. The system'south annotation uses Indo-Standard arabic numbers, with 3 whole numbers making up the chief classes and sub-classes and decimals designating further divisions. The classification structure is hierarchical and the annotation follows the aforementioned bureaucracy. Libraries not needing the full level of item of the nomenclature can trim right-nigh decimal digits from the class number to obtain more general classifications.[41] For example:

500 Natural sciences and mathematics
510 Mathematics
516 Geometry
516.iii Analytic geometries
516.37 Metric differential geometries
516.375 Finsler geometry

The classification was originally enumerative, meaning that information technology listed all of the classes explicitly in the schedules. Over time it added some aspects of a faceted classification scheme, allowing classifiers to construct a number past combining a class number for a topic with an entry from a separate table. Tables cover commonly used elements such as geographical and temporal aspects, language, and bibliographic forms. For example, a class number could be constructed using 330 for economic science + .9 for geographic treatment + .04 for Europe to create the course 330.94 European economy. Or one could combine the class 973 (for the United states of america) + .05 (for journal publications on the topic) to arrive at the number 973.05 for periodicals apropos the United States generally. The classification also makes utilize of mnemonics in some areas, such that the number five represents the country Italia in classification numbers like 945 (history of Italy), 450 (Italian language), 195 (Italian philosophy). The combination of faceting and mnemonics makes the classification synthetic in nature, with significant built into parts of the nomenclature number.[42]

The Dewey Decimal Nomenclature has a number for all subjects, including fiction, although many libraries maintain a split up fiction section shelved past alphabetical social club of the author's surname. Each assigned number consists of two parts: a class number (from the Dewey system) and a book number, which "prevents confusion of dissimilar books on the same subject".[7] A common course of the book number is called a Cutter number, which represents the author and distinguishes the book from other books on the aforementioned topic.[43]

Classes [edit]

(From DDC 23[44])

  • 000 – Estimator scientific discipline, data and general works
  • 100 – Philosophy and psychology
  • 200 – Religion
  • 300 – Social sciences
  • 400 – Linguistic communication
  • 500 – Pure Scientific discipline
  • 600 – Engineering science
  • 700 – Arts and recreation
  • 800 – Literature
  • 900 – History and geography

Tables [edit]

(From DDC 23[44])

  • T1 Standard Subdivisions
  • T2 Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Biography
  • T3 Subdivisions for the Arts, for Individual Literatures, for Specific Literary Forms
    • T3A Subdivisions for Works by or about Private Authors
    • T3B Subdivisions for Works by or about More than I Author
    • T3C Notation to Be Added Where Instructed in Tabular array 3B, 700.4, 791.4, 808–809
  • T4 Subdivisions of Individual Languages and Language Families
  • T5 Ethnic and National Groups
  • T6 Languages

Relative Index [edit]

The Relative Index (or, as Dewey spelled it, "Relativ Index") is an alphabetical index to the classification, for use both by classifiers and by library users when seeking books by topic. The index was "relative" because the index entries pointed to the form numbers, not to the page numbers of the printed classification schedule. In this way, the Dewey Decimal Classification itself had the same relative positioning as the library shelf and could be used either as an entry betoken to the classification, by catalogers, or equally an alphabetize to a Dewey-classed library itself.[45]

Influence and criticism [edit]

Dewey Decimal Nomenclature numbers formed the basis of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), which combines the basic Dewey numbers with selected punctuation marks (comma, colon, parentheses, etc.). Adaptations of the system for specific regions exterior the English language-speaking world include the Korean Decimal Classification, the New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries, and the Japan Decimal Classification (Japanese).[46] [47]

Despite its widespread use, the nomenclature has been criticized for its complexity and its express capability for amendment. In particular, the arrangement of subheadings has been described as archaic and biased towards an Anglo-American world view.[48] [49] This is particularly articulate in the 800s section, in which near literature, specially from outside the United States or Europe, is relegated to the 890s particularly when contrasted with the 900s—history. In 2007–08, the Maricopa County Library District in Arizona abandoned the DDC in favor of the Volume Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) system commonly used by commercial bookstores,[50] in an effort to make its libraries more accessible for their users. Several other libraries across the U.s.[51] and other countries (including Canada and the netherlands) followed adapt.[50] The DDC has besides been criticized for being a proprietary organisation licensed by a single entity (OCLC), making it expensive to prefer.

Handling of homosexuality [edit]

In 1932, topics relating to homosexuality were beginning added to the system nether 132 (mental derangements) and 159.9 (abnormal psychology). In 1952, homosexuality was likewise included under 301.424 (the report of sexes in gild). In 1989, it was added to 363.49 (social problems), a classification that continues in the current edition.[52]

In 1996, homosexuality was added to 306.7 (sexual relations); this remains the preferred location in the current edition. Although books can also exist found under 616.8583 (sexual practices viewed as medical disorders), the official direction states:[52]

Use 616.8583 for homosexuality only when the piece of work treats homosexuality as a medical disorder, or focuses on arguing confronting the views of those who consider homosexuality to be a medical disorder. ... If in doubt, prefer a number other than 616.8583.

Treatment of religion [edit]

The height-level grade for religion heavily favors Christianity, dedicating nigh all of the 200 segmentation to it: the world's thousands of other religions were listed nether the 290s.[53] For example, Islam is nether just DDC 297, despite beingness almost as large as Christianity by population.[54] The unabridged 200 section has remained largely unchanged since DDC ane, since restructuring would pose a meaning amount of work for existing libraries. The motivation for this alter is ideological rather than technical, equally appending significant figures tin add space as needed.[55]

Treatment of women [edit]

Information technology has also been argued past Hope A. Olson[56] that the placement of topics related to women shows implicit bias, but this has been simpler to address than the religion schema. Some changes made then far take been in numerical proximity,[57] altering the placement of topics relative to each other. For example, in older versions of the DDC, some categories regarding women were adjacent to categories on etiquette;[57] the placement of these categories next to each other imposed an association of etiquette with women, rather than treating it as gender-neutral[ commendation needed ]. This was changed in DDC version 17 in 1965.[57]

See also [edit]

  • Books in the Us
  • Comparison of Dewey and Library of Congress subject classification
  • Decimal volume section numbering

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ "Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification" (PDF). OCLC. 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2022. This Introduction explains the basic principles and structure of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) organization. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link) Department iv.fourteen of the article states the DDC is "arranged by discipline, not bailiwick"
  2. ^ Consider every bit an instance a book on the network protocol IPv6. It volition be located at 004.62, after general networking books (004.6) merely before peripherals (004.7). Information technology can thus exist placed on the shelf in the correct location.
  3. ^ Note that the title makes utilize of Dewey's "reformed spelling" in some areas.

References [edit]

  1. ^ Dewey, Melvil (1876), Nomenclature and Field of study Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library (Project Gutenberg eBook), archived from the original on November 10, 2012, retrieved July 31, 2012
  2. ^ Chapter 17 in Joudrey, Daniel N.; Taylor, Arlene One thousand.; Miller, David P. (2015). Introduction to Cataloging and Classification (11th ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited/ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-one-59884-856-4.
  3. ^ "Dewey Services". OCLC. 2009. Archived from the original on Jan 31, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2009. Offers library users familiarity and consistency of a fourth dimension-honored classification organization used in 200,000 libraries worldwide
  4. ^ "Countries with libraries that use the DDC". OCLC. 2009. Archived from the original on March 14, 2010. Retrieved Nov 4, 2009. Libraries in more 135 countries employ the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature (DDC) system to organize their collections for their users. [135 countries are listed.]
  5. ^ Wiegand, Wayne A. (1996), Irrepressible reformer , Chicago: American Library Association, ISBN978-0838906804, OL 965418M, 083890680X
  6. ^ Krajewski, Markus (2011), Paper machines, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Printing, ISBN9780262015899, OL 25075524M
  7. ^ a b Dewey, Melvil (1876), A Nomenclature and Subject field Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a .., [due south.due north.], OCLC 78870163, OL 23422140M
  8. ^ Comaromi, John P. (1976), The eighteen editions of the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature, Albany, North.Y: Forest Printing Division, Lake Placid Education Foundation, p. 43, ISBN978-0-910608-17-6, OL 4881898M
  9. ^ The states. Agency of Education. (1876), Public libraries in the United States of America, Washington: Govt. Print. Off., pp. 623–648, OL 15138665M
  10. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 88
  11. ^ a b Comaromi (1976), p. 155
  12. ^ Dewey decimal nomenclature and relative alphabetize. Internet Annal. 1971. Retrieved Dec fourteen, 2013.
  13. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 171
  14. ^ a b c Chan, Lois Mai (2007), Cataloging and classification (Third ed.), The Scarecrow Press, Inc., p. 321, ISBN978-0-8108-5944-9, OL 9558667M, 0810859440
  15. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 218
  16. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 315
  17. ^ a b c "Timeline". OCLC. Archived from the original on Dec 11, 2013. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  18. ^ "Cutter Classification". Forbes Library Subject field Guides. Forbes Library. Archived from the original on Dec 15, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  19. ^ Comaromi (1976), pp. 297–313
  20. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 321
  21. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 376
  22. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 381
  23. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 345
  24. ^ COMAROMI, JOHN P. (1975). The Historical Development of The Dewey Decimal Nomenclature System. Graduate School of Library Science. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. hdl:2142/1778. ISBN9780878450442.
  25. ^ Chan (2007), pp. 321–323
  26. ^ Trotter, Ross (July 6, 1995). "Electronic Dewey: The CD-ROM Version of the Dewey Decimal Classification". Cataloging & Classification Quarterly. 19 (3–four): 213–234. doi:10.1300/J104v19n03_17.
  27. ^ Majumder, Apurba Jyoti; Gautam Sarma (December 2007). "Webdewey: The Dewey Decimal Classification in The Web" (PDF). INFLIBNET Center, Ahmedabad, Planner. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  28. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 416
  29. ^ Chan (2007), p. 323
  30. ^ Mitchell, Joan (January 24, 2013). "Michael Panzer named Editor-in-Principal of the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature system". OCLC Printing Release. Archived from the original on September half dozen, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  31. ^ "Announcing Dr. Rebecca Green as new Dewey Editorial Program Manager". 025.431: The Dewey blog. Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  32. ^ Dewey, Melvil (1922). Decimal classification and relative alphabetize for libraries and personal utilise. Lake Placid Club, N.Y.: Woods Press. p. two. OCLC 1367992. OL 6648895M.
  33. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 286
  34. ^ Luo, Michael (September 23, 2003). "Where Did Dewey File Those Law Books?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 25, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  35. ^ "OCLC and The Library Hotel settle trademark complaint". Library Engineering science Guides. Oct 24, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  36. ^ "Latest versions". OCLC. Archived from the original on December eight, 2013. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  37. ^ "Dewey Print Editions". 025.431: The Dewey blog. Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  38. ^ "Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) - the Datahub". old.datahub.io. Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  39. ^ "Change to Dewey Web Services | OCLC Developer Network". www.oclc.org. June 15, 2015. Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  40. ^ "Abridged". OCLC. 2012. Archived from the original on July one, 2011. Retrieved Jan 23, 2013.
  41. ^ Chan (2007), pp. 326–331
  42. ^ Chan (2007), p. 331
  43. ^ Chan (2007), pp. 333–362
  44. ^ a b OCLC. "Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification". Archived from the original on Dec 12, 2013. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  45. ^ United States. Office of Instruction. (1876), Public libraries in the U.s. of America, Washington: Govt. print. off., p. 628, OL 23403373M
  46. ^ "A Brief Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification". OCLC. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved November sixteen, 2013.
  47. ^ Taylor, Insup; Wang Guizhi. "Library Systems in Eastward Asia". McLuhan Studies. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved Nov 16, 2013.
  48. ^ Kaplan, Tali Balas (April 17, 2012). "Done with Dewey". ALSC. Archived from the original on December xv, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  49. ^ Fandino, Marta (2008). "UDC or DDC: A Notation About the Suitable Choice for the National Library of Liechtenstein" (PDF). Extensions and Corrections to the UDC. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  50. ^ a b Clarke, Rachel Ivy (May 7, 2013). "Picturing Classification The Evolution and Use of Culling Classification in Dutch Public Libraries". Public Libraries Online. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  51. ^ Fister, Barbara (October 1, 2009). "In the search for amend browsability, librarians are putting Dewey in a different class". The Library Journal. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February nine, 2014.
  52. ^ a b Sullivan, Doreen. "A brief history of homophobia in Dewey decimal classification". Overland. Archived from the original on Dec 22, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  53. ^ "DDC - 200 - Religion". bpeck.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  54. ^ "World'due south Muslim Population Will Surpass Christians This Century, Pew Says". NPR. Archived from the original on Jan 22, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  55. ^ Olson, Hope (2002). The Power to Name. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Springer-Science+Business Medida, B.V. p. 22. ISBN9789048160846.
  56. ^ Olson, Hope A (1998). "Mapping Beyond Dewey'south Boundaries: Constructing Classificatory Space for Marginalized Noesis Domains" (PDF). Library Trends. 47 (two): 233–254. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  57. ^ a b c Olson 2002, p. 8.

External links [edit]

  • OCLC's Dewey Decimal website
  • Full text of Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Alphabetize online loan from the Internet Archive (various editions bachelor)
  • Total text of A Classification and Bailiwick Alphabetize for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library (Dewey Decimal Classification) (1876) from Project Gutenberg
  • Book Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) system

Is The Dewey Decimal System Still Used,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification

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